Main Article Content
Abstract
The aviation industry faces increasing pressure to improve operational efficiency and reduce carbon emissions. This study investigates the potential fuel savings and CO₂ emission reductions resulting from the implementation of Single Engine Taxi-Out (SETO) procedures for Airbus A320 aircraft operating at Soekarno-Hatta International Airport (CGK), Jakarta. Using flight operational data and taxi-out duration observations via FlightRadar24, fuel savings were estimated by comparing conventional dual-engine taxi operations to SETO procedures. Results show that adopting SETO for all A320 departures at CGK could yield annual fuel savings of approximately 8,870,960 kg, equivalent to 28,032,233 kg of CO₂ reduction. These findings demonstrate that SETO offers substantial environmental and economic benefits while aligning with ICAO’s net-zero emission targets. However, successful implementation depends on rigorous safety assessments, proper crew training, and regulatory approval.
Keywords
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
References
- International Air Transport Association (IATA), “Fuel efficiency in aviation: Why it matters more than ever,” IATA Knowledge Hub, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.iata.org/en/publications/newsletters/iata-knowledge-hub/fuel-efficiency-in-aviation-why-it-matters-more-than-ever/. Accessed: Sep. 11, 2025.
- Directorate General of Civil Aviation, Ministry of Transportation of the Republic of Indonesia, “Airport information,” 2025. [Online]. Available: https://hubud.kemenhub.go.id/hubud/website/bandara/. Accessed: Sep. 1, 2025.
- Directorate General of Civil Aviation, Ministry of Transportation of the Republic of Indonesia, AIRAC AIP Amendment 146, Jakarta, Indonesia, Aug. 7, 2025.
- AIRBUS S.A.S., Flight Crew Operating Manual (FCOM): A318/A319/A320/A321, Toulouse, France, Mar. 2025.
- AIRBUS S.A.S., Getting to Grips with Fuel Economy, Iss. 4, Toulouse, France, Oct. 2004.
- I. Kameníková, M. Novák, and P. Hospodka, “Application of the single-engine taxi-out procedure for commercial transport, focusing on the Airbus A320 fleet,” Transportation Research Procedia, vol. 65, pp. 126–132, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.trpro.2022.11.015.
- “A survey of airline pilots regarding fuel conservation procedures for taxi operations,” International Airport Review, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.internationalairportreview.com/. Accessed: Jan. 2025.
- SESAR Joint Undertaking, “The green promise of aircraft taxiing technologies,” Horizon 2020 Project, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.sesarju.eu/news/green-promise-aircraft-taxiing-technologies. Accessed: 2021.
- M. E. J. Stettler, G. Koudis, S. Hu, and A. Majumdar, “The impact of single engine taxiing on aircraft fuel consumption and pollutant emissions,” The Aeronautical Journal, Oct. 2018.
- B. Balakrishnan, H. Guo, and R. Ganesan, “Assessment method of fuel consumption and emissions of aircraft during taxiing on airport surface,” Sustainability, vol. 11, no. 21, 2019.
- M. Mora and S. Susanti, “Perhitungan emisi gas pesawat udara pada fase taxi-out dengan operasi satu mesin mati di Bandar Udara Soekarno-Hatta,” WARTA ARDHIA, 2025.
- P. Persada, “Calculation of aircraft emission reduction during the taxi-out phase with the implementation of single-engine operation at Kertajati Airport,” Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Transportasi dan Logistik, 2025.
- G. Jarry, A. Alligier, and N. Durand, “On the detection of aircraft single-engine taxi using deep learning models,” arXiv preprint arXiv:2410.07727, Oct. 2024.
- A. Eskenazi, M. S. Schäfer, and S. R. H. Barrett, “Democratizing aviation emissions estimation: Development of an open-source methodology,” arXiv preprint arXiv:2202.11208, 2022.
- International Air Transport Association (IATA), “CORSIA Handbook,” https://www.iata.org/contentassets/fb745460050c48089597a3ef1b9fe7a8/corsia-handbook.pdf
References
International Air Transport Association (IATA), “Fuel efficiency in aviation: Why it matters more than ever,” IATA Knowledge Hub, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.iata.org/en/publications/newsletters/iata-knowledge-hub/fuel-efficiency-in-aviation-why-it-matters-more-than-ever/. Accessed: Sep. 11, 2025.
Directorate General of Civil Aviation, Ministry of Transportation of the Republic of Indonesia, “Airport information,” 2025. [Online]. Available: https://hubud.kemenhub.go.id/hubud/website/bandara/. Accessed: Sep. 1, 2025.
Directorate General of Civil Aviation, Ministry of Transportation of the Republic of Indonesia, AIRAC AIP Amendment 146, Jakarta, Indonesia, Aug. 7, 2025.
AIRBUS S.A.S., Flight Crew Operating Manual (FCOM): A318/A319/A320/A321, Toulouse, France, Mar. 2025.
AIRBUS S.A.S., Getting to Grips with Fuel Economy, Iss. 4, Toulouse, France, Oct. 2004.
I. Kameníková, M. Novák, and P. Hospodka, “Application of the single-engine taxi-out procedure for commercial transport, focusing on the Airbus A320 fleet,” Transportation Research Procedia, vol. 65, pp. 126–132, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.trpro.2022.11.015.
“A survey of airline pilots regarding fuel conservation procedures for taxi operations,” International Airport Review, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.internationalairportreview.com/. Accessed: Jan. 2025.
SESAR Joint Undertaking, “The green promise of aircraft taxiing technologies,” Horizon 2020 Project, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.sesarju.eu/news/green-promise-aircraft-taxiing-technologies. Accessed: 2021.
M. E. J. Stettler, G. Koudis, S. Hu, and A. Majumdar, “The impact of single engine taxiing on aircraft fuel consumption and pollutant emissions,” The Aeronautical Journal, Oct. 2018.
B. Balakrishnan, H. Guo, and R. Ganesan, “Assessment method of fuel consumption and emissions of aircraft during taxiing on airport surface,” Sustainability, vol. 11, no. 21, 2019.
M. Mora and S. Susanti, “Perhitungan emisi gas pesawat udara pada fase taxi-out dengan operasi satu mesin mati di Bandar Udara Soekarno-Hatta,” WARTA ARDHIA, 2025.
P. Persada, “Calculation of aircraft emission reduction during the taxi-out phase with the implementation of single-engine operation at Kertajati Airport,” Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Transportasi dan Logistik, 2025.
G. Jarry, A. Alligier, and N. Durand, “On the detection of aircraft single-engine taxi using deep learning models,” arXiv preprint arXiv:2410.07727, Oct. 2024.
A. Eskenazi, M. S. Schäfer, and S. R. H. Barrett, “Democratizing aviation emissions estimation: Development of an open-source methodology,” arXiv preprint arXiv:2202.11208, 2022.
International Air Transport Association (IATA), “CORSIA Handbook,” https://www.iata.org/contentassets/fb745460050c48089597a3ef1b9fe7a8/corsia-handbook.pdf