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Abstract
Bird strikes pose a serious threat to aviation safety, especially at airports surrounded by natural habitats that attract birds. This study aims to identify bird species with the highest risk to aviation safety at Kalimarau Airport, Berau, and provide mitigation recommendations based on risk analysis results. The method used is a descriptive quantitative approach with risk assessment techniques using the Sowden and MOORA methods. The results of the study show that the species Egretta garzetta (little egret) has the highest score in both assessment methods, thus categorized as the species with the highest bird strike risk. This is due to the birds' gregarious behavior, low-flying habits, and the airport's surrounding habitat, which provides natural food sources and shelter. The conclusions of this study support the hypothesis that there are bird species with high bird strike risk at Kalimarau Airport. Comprehensive habitat management and the use of early detection technology are necessary as strategic measures to reduce the potential for bird strike incidents.
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References
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References
M. F. Sofansyah, E. Zsa, Z. Yusfara, R. S. Septiyaningsih, and H. Chrisna, “Analisis penilaian risiko terjadinya bird strike pada area airside dengan metode Sowden dan MOORA di Bandara X,” pp. 1–7, 2025.
International Civil Aviation Organization, Airport Services Manual, Part 3: Wildlife Control and Reduction. Montreal, Canada: ICAO, Apr. 2012.
Burung.org, “Bird strike: Ancaman tersembunyi di dunia penerbangan,” BirdLife International, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://burung.org/bird-strike-ancaman-tersembunyi-di-dunia-penerbangan (accessed Jul. 21, 2025).
R. A. Dolbeer, S. E. Wright, and J. R. Weller, “Wildlife strikes to civil aircraft in the United States, 1990–2013,” Federal Aviation Administration, National Wildlife Strike Database, Washington, DC, USA, 2014.
Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA), “Ditjen Hubud–CASA Australia adakan workshop keselamatan penerbangan,” Ministry of Transportation of the Republic of Indonesia, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://hubud.kemenhub.go.id/hubud/website/berita/4503 (accessed Jul. 21, 2025).
H. Y. Fauzi, “Perencanaan stopway pada ujung runway 01,” Undergraduate Final Project, Politeknik Penerbangan Surabaya, Indonesia, 2021.
Y. Hu, P. Xing, F. Yang, G. Feng, G. Yang, and Z. Zhang, “A bird strike risk assessment model and its application at Ordos Airport, China,” Sci. Rep., vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 1–8, 2020, doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-76275-z.
I. Nursani and O. Arifianto, “Analisis risiko bird strike dengan metode Sowden dan metode MOORA di Bandara Internasional XYZ,” Warta Penelitian Perhubungan, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 281–290, 2024, doi: 10.25104/warlit.v35i2.2311.
Sugiyono, Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Bandung, Indonesia: Alfabeta, 2013.
Q. Shao, Y. Zhou, P. Zhu, Y. Ma, and M. Shao, “Key factors assessment on bird strike density distribution in airport habitats: Spatial heterogeneity and geographically weighted regression model,” Sustainability, vol. 12, no. 18, pp. 1–16, 2020, doi: 10.3390/su12187235.
F. Coccon, M. Zucchetta, G. Bossi, M. Borrotti, P. Torricelli, and P. Franzoi, “A land-use perspective for bird strike risk assessment: The attraction risk index,” PLoS One, vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 1–16, 2015, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128363.
B. E. Washburn and T. W. Seamans, “Management of vegetation to reduce wildlife hazards at airports,” Federal Aviation Administration, USA, Apr. 2004.
International Civil Aviation Organization, Wildlife Hazard Management, Annex 14—Aerodromes, Doc. 9981 (PANS-Aerodromes), and Doc. 9137 (WHM Manual). Montreal, Canada: ICAO, Mar. 2022.